Use for volatile organics from stacks, often in conjunction with a sampling train.

Collection

Samples are collected by drawing a large, measured volume of air through a larger cartridge than those used for TO-1, TO-2 and the TO-1/-2 combination. Other types of cartridges, bags or canisters may be used. If that is the case, however, the method would best be described by a different number.

Analysis

Analyzed by heating the cartridge, separating the sample components from one another by GC and identifying by GC/MS.

Equipment

Cartridges plus one for QC, isokinetic sampling probe, flow controller/flow meter, rest of train (optional).

Detection Limits

Detection limits - 0.2 ppbv (full strength but rarely practiced), ppmv levels (as practiced).

Advantages

Convenience, easy to ship, can reach low detection limit (which is not generally needed because stacks are loaded).

Disadvantages

This is a "one shot" analysis. True analytical duplicates, internal standards & surrogates are not possible. Samples generally "swamp" analytical system resulting in many "greater than" values. The lab generally vents most of the sample during introduction to prevent damage to equipment. GD Air Testing, Inc. has the technology and experience to avoid these two situations.

Alternatives

TO-1 & TO-2 separately or combined, TO-14 (but only for very clean stacks), some NIOSH methods.

Representatives Uses

Stack gas.